Cardiomyopathies Revisited: Molecular Mechanisms and Modern Management

Cardiomyopathies are a diverse group of myocardial diseases characterized by structural and functional abnormalities, leading to heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Recent advancements in molecular genetics, cardiac imaging, and targeted therapies have transformed our understanding of these disorders. This review provides a comprehensive update on the molecular mechanisms, genetic basis, diagnostic modalities, and contemporary management strategies for hypertrophic (HCM), dilated (DCM), arrhythmogenic (ACM), and restrictive (RCM) cardiomyopathies.